Short-circuiting

Short-circuiting is a behavior in programming where a logical expression stops evaluating as soon as the result is determined. This means that if part of an expression is enough to know the final outcome, the rest of the expression isn’t evaluated. Short-circuiting is common with the AND (&&) and OR (||) operators:

• With AND (&&), if the first condition is false, the entire expression is false, so there’s no need to check further.
• With OR (||), if the first condition is true, the whole expression is true, and any other parts are skipped.

Short-circuiting is helpful because it keeps code efficient by avoiding unnecessary checks and makes conditional statements cleaner. It’s especially useful when you want to avoid certain operations that might cause errors if a value is missing or undefined.